Why is the study of weather called "meteorology" when it has nothing to do with
METEORS? ... Why are packages that travel by ship called CARGO and packages that travel by truck called SHIPMENT? (Is it any wonder that foreigners find English to be the hardest language to learn?)

the etymology of the word is from Latin/Greek - (implied in meteorological), "science of the atmosphere, weather forecasting," from Gk. meteorologia "treatise on celestial phenomena," from meteoron (see meteor) + -logia "treatment of."

literally "study of" + "the atmosphere"

OhhhhhhhhhhKaaaaayyy. Thanks! Now we know.